Adjusting Data Communication in a Virtual Private Network Environment

ABSTRACT

A method including determining, by a virtual private network (VPN) server providing VPN services to one or more user devices, an aggregate amount of VPN data communicated by the VPN server with a host device; and transmitting, by the VPN server to an infrastructure device, VPN data information indicating the aggregate amount of VPN data communicated by the VPN server with the host device. Various other aspects are contemplated.

CROSS REFERENCE

This application is a continuation of U.S. Non-Provisional Pat. Application No. 17/680,177, filed on Feb. 24, 2022, and titled “Adjusting Data Communication In A Virtual Private Network Environment,” the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF DISCLOSURE

Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to a virtual private network (VPN), and more particularly to adjusting data communication in a VPN environment.

BACKGROUND

Global Internet users increasingly rely on VPN services to preserve their privacy, to circumvent censorship, and/or to access geo-filtered content. Originally developed as a technology to privately send and receive data across public networks, VPNs are now used broadly as a privacy-preserving technology that allows Internet users to obscure not only the communicated data but also personal information such as, for example, web browsing history from third parties including Internet service providers (ISPs), Spywares, or the like. A VPN service provider may offer a secure private networking environment within a publicly shared, insecure infrastructure through encapsulation and encryption of the data communicated between a VPN client application (or VPN application) installed on a user device and a remote VPN server.

Most VPN providers rely on a tunneling protocol to create the secure private networking environment, which adds a layer of security to protect each IP packet of the communicated data during communication over the Internet. Tunneling may be associated with enclosing an entire IP packet within an outer IP packet to form an encapsulated IP packet, and transporting the enclosed IP packet over the Internet. The outer IP packet may protect contents of the enclosed IP packet from public view by ensuring that the enclosed IP packet is transmitted over the Internet within a virtual tunnel. Such a virtual tunnel may be a point-to-point tunnel established between the user device and the VPN server. The process of enclosing the entire IP packet within the outer IP packet may be referred to as encapsulation. Computers, servers, or other network devices at ends of the virtual tunnel may be referred to as tunnel interfaces and may be capable of encapsulating outgoing IP packets and of unwrapping incoming encapsulated IP packets.

Encryption may be associated with changing the data from being in a transparently readable format to being in an encoded, unreadable format with the help of an encryption algorithm. Decryption may be associated with changing the data from being in the encoded, unreadable format to being in the transparently readable format with the help of a decryption algorithm. In an example, encoded/encrypted data may be decoded/decrypted with only a correct decryption key. In a VPN, encryption may render the communicated data unreadable or indecipherable to any third party. At a basic level, when the user launches the installed VPN application and connects to the VPN server, the VPN application may encrypt all contents of the data before transmission over the Internet to the VPN server. Upon receipt, the VPN server may decrypt the encrypted data and forward the decrypted data to an intended target via the Internet. Similarly, the VPN server may encrypt all contents of the data before transmission over the Internet to the user device. Upon receipt, the VPN application on the user device may decrypt the encrypted data and provide the decrypted data to the user.

VPNs generally use different types of encryption and decryption algorithms to encrypt and decrypt the communicated data. Symmetric encryption may utilize encryption and decryption algorithms that rely on a single private key for encryption and decryption of data. Symmetric encryption is considered to be relatively speedy. One example of an encryption and decryption algorithm utilized by symmetric encryption may be an AES encryption cipher. Asymmetric encryption, on the other hand, may utilize encryption and decryption algorithms that rely on two separate but mathematically-related keys for encryption and decryption of data. In one example, data encrypted using a public key may be decrypted using a separate but mathematically-related private key. The public key may be publicly available through a directory, while the private key may remain confidential and accessible by only an owner of the private key. Asymmetric encryption may also be referred to as public key cryptography. One example of an encryption and decryption algorithm utilized by asymmetric encryption may be Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) protocol.

In a VPN, keys for encryption and decryption may be randomly generated strings of bits. Each key may be generated to be unique. A length of an encryption key may be given by a number of the randomly generated string bits, and the longer the length of the encryption key, the stronger the encryption is.

VPNs may employ user authentication, which may involve verification of credentials required to confirm authenticity/identity of the user. For instance, when a user launches the VPN application to request a VPN connection, the VPN service provider may authenticate the user device prior to providing the user device with access to VPN services. In this way, user authentication may provide a form of access control. Typically, user authentication may include verification of a unique combination of a user ID and password. To provide improved security in the VPN, user authentication may include additional factors such as knowledge, possession, inheritance, or the like. Knowledge factors may include items (e.g., pin numbers) that an authentic user may be expected to know. Possession factors may include items (e.g., one-time password (OTP) tokens) that an authentic user may be expected to possess at a time associated with the authentication. Inherent factors may include biometric items (e.g., fingerprint scans, retina scans, iris scans, or the like) that may be inherent traits of an authentic user.

A VPN may be associated with a network of VPN servers, typically deployed in various geographic locations. A VPN server may be a physical server or a virtual server configured to host and/or globally deliver VPN services to the user. A server may be a combination of hardware and software, and may include logical and physical communication ports. When launched, the VPN application may connect with a selected VPN server for secure communication of data via the virtual tunnel.

The VPN application, installed on the user device, may utilize software-based technology to establish a secure connection between the user device and a VPN server. Some VPN applications may automatically work in the background on the user device while other VPN applications may include front-end interfaces to allow the user to interact with and configure the VPN applications. VPN applications may often be installed on a computer (e.g., user device), though some entities may provide a purpose-built VPN application as a hardware device that is pre-installed with software to enable the VPN. Typically, a VPN application may utilize one or more VPN protocols to encrypt and decrypt the communicated data. Some commonly used VPN protocols may include OpenVPN, SSTP, PPTP, L2TP/IPsec, SSL/TLS, Wireguard, IKEv2, and SoftEther.

Data communication over a network (e.g., Internet) may be susceptible to a cybercrime. Such data communication may involve communication of private information and/or sensitive data. A malicious party may perpetrate the cybercrime in an attempt to steal, alter, disable, expose, or destroy the private information and/or sensitive data through unauthorized access to the communicating user devices. A cybercrime may include, for example, a malware attack, a phishing attack, a ransomware attack, a virus attack, etc. As a result, cyber security measures may be used to prevent occurrence of the cybercrime and/or to mitigate risks associated with the cybercrime.

SUMMARY

In one aspect, the present disclosure contemplates a method including determining, by an infrastructure device associated with a virtual private network (VPN), aggregate amounts of VPN data communicated by one or more VPN servers with a host device (e.g., a target server) during sample durations of time within a reference period; determining, by the infrastructure device, difference amounts indicating differences in the aggregate amounts of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers with the host device during successive sample durations of time; determining, by the infrastructure device, average aggregate amounts of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers with the host device based at least in part on averaging the difference amounts; determining, by the infrastructure device, a largest average aggregate amount, from among the average aggregate amounts, as an average threshold level; and selectively adjusting, by the infrastructure device, an amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers with the host device based at least in part on a result of comparing the average threshold level with an observed average aggregate amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers with the host device. In some aspects, the host device may be referred to as a target server.

In another aspect, the present disclosure contemplates a device associated with a VPN server, the device comprising a memory; and a processor communicatively coupled to the memory, the processor being configured to: determine aggregate amounts of VPN data communicated by one or more VPN servers with a host device during sample durations of time within a reference period; determine difference amounts indicating differences in the aggregate amounts of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers with the host device during successive sample durations of time; determine average aggregate amounts of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers with the host device based at least in part on averaging the difference amounts; determine a largest average aggregate amount, from among the average aggregate amounts, as an average threshold level; and selectively adjust an amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers with the host device based at least in part on a result of comparing the average threshold level with an observed average aggregate amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers with the host device.

In another aspect, the present disclosure contemplates a non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions, which when executed by a processor associated with a VPN server, cause the processor to: determine aggregate amounts of VPN data communicated by one or more VPN servers with a host device during sample durations of time within a reference period; determine difference amounts indicating differences in the aggregate amounts of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers with the host device during successive sample durations of time; determine average aggregate amounts of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers with the host device based at least in part on averaging the difference amounts; determine a largest average aggregate amount, from among the average aggregate amounts, as an average threshold level; and selectively adjust an amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers with the host device based at least in part on a result of comparing the average threshold level with an observed average aggregate amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers with the host device.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory in nature and are intended to provide an understanding of the present disclosure without limiting the scope thereof. In that regard, additional aspects, features, and advantages of the present disclosure will be apparent to one skilled in the art from the following detailed description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings illustrate aspects of systems, devices, methods, and/or mediums disclosed herein and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure. Throughout this description, like elements, in whatever aspect described, refer to common elements wherever referred to and referenced by the same reference number. The characteristics, attributes, functions, interrelations ascribed to a particular element in one location apply to those elements when referred to by the same reference number in another location unless specifically stated otherwise.

The figures referenced below are drawn for ease of explanation of the basic teachings of the present disclosure; the extensions of the figures with respect to number, position, relationship, and dimensions of the parts to form the following aspects may be explained or may be within the skill of the art after the following description has been read and understood. Further, exact dimensions and dimensional proportions to conform to specific force, weight, strength, and similar requirements will likewise be within the skill of the art after the following description has been read and understood.

The following is a brief description of each figure used to describe the present disclosure, and thus, is being presented for illustrative purposes only and should not be limitative of the scope of the present disclosure.

FIG. 1 is an illustration of an example system associated with adjusting data communication in a VPN environment, according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is an illustration of an example flow associated with adjusting data communication in a VPN environment, according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 is an illustration of an example associated with adjusting data communication in a VPN environment, according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 is an illustration of an example process associated with adjusting data communication in a VPN environment, according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 is an illustration of an example process associated with adjusting data communication in a VPN environment, according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 is an illustration of an example process associated with adjusting data communication in a VPN environment, according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 is an illustration of an example process associated with adjusting data communication in a VPN environment, according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 is an illustration of example devices associated with adjusting data communication in a VPN environment, according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of the present disclosure, reference will now be made to the aspects illustrated in the drawings, and specific language may be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the disclosure is intended. Any alterations and further modifications to the described devices, instruments, methods, and any further application of the principles of the present disclosure are fully contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the disclosure relates. In particular, it is fully contemplated that the features, components, and/or steps described with respect to one aspect may be combined with the features, components, and/or steps described with respect to other aspects of the present disclosure. For the sake of brevity, however, the numerous iterations of these combinations may not be described separately. For simplicity, in some instances the same reference numbers are used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts.

FIG. 1 is an illustration of an example system 100 associated with adjusting data communication in a VPN environment, according to various aspects of the present disclosure. Example 100 shows an architectural depiction of components included in system 100. In some aspects, the components may include one or more user devices 102 capable of communicating with a VPN service provider (VSP) control infrastructure 104 and with one or more VPN servers 116 over a network 114. The VSP control infrastructure 104 may be owned and operated by a VPN service provider and may include an application programming interface (API) 106, a user database 108, a processing unit 110, a VPN database 112, and the one or more VPN servers 116. As shown in FIG. 1 , the API 106 may be capable of communicating with the user database 108 and with the processing unit 110. Additionally, the processing unit 110 may be capable of communicating with the VPN database 112, which may be capable of communicating with a testing module (not shown). The testing module may be capable of communicating with the one or more VPN servers 116 over the network 114. The processing unit 110 may be capable of configuring operation of the one or more VPN servers 116.

The user device 102 may be a physical computing device capable of hosting a VPN application and of connecting to the network 114. The user device 102 may be, for example, a laptop, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a desktop computer, a smart device, a router, or the like. In some aspects, the user device 102 may include, for example, Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices such as VSP smart home appliances, smart home security systems, autonomous vehicles, smart health monitors, smart factory equipment, wireless inventory trackers, biometric cyber security scanners, or the like. The network 114 may be any digital telecommunication network that permits several nodes to share and access resources. In some aspects, the network 114 may include one or more of, for example, a local-area network (LAN), a wide-area network (WAN), a campus-area network (CAN), a metropolitan-area network (MAN), a home-area network (HAN), Internet, Intranet, Extranet, and Internetwork.

The VSP control infrastructure 104 may include a combination of hardware and software components that enable provision of VPN services to the user device 102. The VSP control infrastructure 104 may interface with (the VPN application on) the user device 102 via the API 106, which may include one or more endpoints to a defined request-response message system. In some aspects, the API 106 may be configured to receive, via the network 114, a connection request from the user device 102 to establish a VPN connection with a VPN server 116. The connection request may include an authentication request to authenticate the user device 102 and/or a request for an IP address of an optimal VPN server for establishment of the VPN connection therewith. In some aspects, an optimal VPN server may be a single VPN server 116 or a combination of one or more VPN servers 116. The API 106 may receive the authentication request and the request for an IP address of an optimal VPN server in a single connection request. In some aspects, the API 106 may receive the authentication request and the request for an IP address of an optimal VPN server in separate connection requests.

The API 106 may further be configured to handle the connection request by mediating the authentication request. For instance, the API 106 may receive from the user device 102 credentials including, for example, a unique combination of a user ID and password for purposes of authenticating the user device 102. In another example, the credentials may include a unique validation code known to an authentic user. The API 106 may provide the received credentials to the user database 108 for verification.

The user database 108 may include a structured repository of valid credentials belonging to authentic users. In one example, the structured repository may include one or more tables containing valid unique combinations of user IDs and passwords belonging to authentic users. In another example, the structured repository may include one or more tables containing valid unique validation codes associated with authentic users. The VPN service provider may add or delete such valid unique combinations of user IDs and passwords from the structured repository at any time. Based at least in part on receiving the credentials from the API 106, the user database 108 and a processor (e.g., the processing unit 110 or another local or remote processor) may verify the received credentials by matching the received credentials with the valid credentials stored in the structured repository. In some aspects, the user database 108 and the processor may authenticate the user device 102 when the received credentials match at least one of the valid credentials. In this case, the VPN service provider may provide VPN services to the user device 102. When the received credentials fail to match at least one of the valid credentials, the user database 108 and the processor may fail to authenticate the user device 102. In this case, the VPN service provider may decline to provide VPN services to the user device 102.

When the user device 102 is authenticated, the user device 102 may initiate a VPN connection and may transmit to the API 106 a request for an IP address of an optimal VPN server. The processing unit 110 included in the VSP control infrastructure may be configured to determine/identify a single VPN server 116 as the optimal server or a list of VPN servers. The processing unit 110 may utilize the API 106 to transmit the IP address of the optimal server or IP addresses of the VPN servers 116 included in the list to the user device 102. In the case where the list of IP addresses of the VPN servers 116 is provided, the user device 102 may have an option to select a single VPN server 116 from among the listed VPN servers as the optimal server 116. The user device 102 may transmit an initiation request to establish a VPN connection (e.g., an encrypted tunnel) with the optimal VPN server. In some aspects, the optimal VPN server with which the user device establishes the encrypted tunnel may be referred to as a primary VPN server or an entry VPN server. In some aspects, a VPN server 116 may be a piece of physical or virtual computer hardware and/or software capable of securely communicating with (the VPN application on) the user device 102 for provision of VPN services.

The processing unit 110 may be a logical unit including a scoring engine. The processing unit 110 may include a logical component configured to perform complex operations to compute numerical weights related to various factors associated with the VPN servers 116. The scoring engine may likewise include a logical component configured to perform arithmetical and logical operations to compute a server penalty score for one or more of the VPN servers 116. In some aspects, based at least in part on server penalty scores calculated via the complex operations and/or the arithmetical and logical operations, the processing unit 110 may determine an optimal VPN server. In one example, the processing unit 110 may determine the VPN server 116 with the lowest server penalty score as the optimal VPN server. In another example, the processing unit 110 may determine the list of optimal VPN servers by including, for example, three (or any number of) VPN servers 116 with the three lowest server penalty scores.

One or more components (e.g., API 106, user database 108, processing unit 110, VPN database 112, and/or VPN servers 116) included in the VSP control infrastructure 104 may further be associated with a controller/processor, a memory, a communication interface, or a combination thereof (e.g., FIG. 6 ). For instance, the one or more components may include or may be included in a controller/processor, a memory, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the one or more components included in the VSP control infrastructure 104 may be separate and distinct from each other. Alternatively, in some aspects, the one or more components included in the VSP control infrastructure 104 may be combined with one or more of the other components included in the VSP control infrastructure 104. In some aspects, the one or more components included in the VSP control infrastructure 104 may be local with respect to each other. Alternatively, in some aspects, the one or more of the components included in the VSP control infrastructure 104 may be located remotely with respect to one or more of the other components included in the VSP control infrastructure 104. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more components included in the VSP control infrastructure 104 may be implemented at least in part as software stored in a memory. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by a controller or a processor to perform the functions or operations of the component. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of the one or more components shown in FIG. 1 may be configured to perform one or more functions described as being performed by another one of the one or more components shown in FIG. 1 .

As indicated above, FIG. 1 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to FIG. 1 .

User devices may request VPN services from a VSP control infrastructure. To request the VPN services, as discussed above with respect to FIG. 1 , a user device may transmit a connection request and/or an authentication request to an API associated with the VSP control infrastructure. The user device may undergo an authentication process involving the API and a database associated with the VSP control infrastructure. Once authenticated, the VSP control infrastructure may determine a VPN server for providing the VPN services to the user device. The user device may transmit an initiation request for establishing a VPN connection with the VPN server.

Once the VPN connection is established, the VSP control infrastructure may provide VPN services to the user device via the VPN server. Providing the VPN services may include configuring the VPN server to securely communicate (e.g., transmit and/or receive) VPN data associated with the user device. In some aspects, the VPN data may include, for example, a data request received from the user device and/or data of interest obtained by the VPN server from one or more host devices based at least in part on receiving the data request. In some aspects, the VSP control infrastructure may configure the VPN server to provide the VPN services to multiple user devices having respective VPN connections with the VPN server.

While the VPN server is providing the VPN services, one or more user devices from among the multiple user devices may be affected by malware. For instance, a malicious party may install malware on the one or more user devices without knowledge of the one or more user devices. Further, the malicious party may utilize the malware to launch, for example, a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack on a given host device that provides the data of interest requested by the one or more user devices. In some aspects, the malicious party may utilize the malware to cause the one or more devices to transmit superfluous data requests via the VPN server in an attempt to launch the DDoS attack and to overload the given host device. In this case, the user device may inefficiently expend user device resources (e.g., processing resources, memory resources, power consumption resources, battery life, or the like) and the VSP control infrastructure may inefficiently expend VPN resources (computational resources, network bandwidth, management resources, processing resources, memory resources, or the like) regarding communication of the superfluous data requests and/or related VPN data.

Based at least in part on receiving a threshold amount of such superfluous data requests from the VPN server, the given host device may determine that the VSP control infrastructure and/or the VPN server is associated with launching the DDoS attack on the given host device. As a result, the given host device may suspend receipt of data requests from all VPN servers associated with the VSP control infrastructure. Further, the given host may blacklist VPN servers associated with the VSP control infrastructure such that a VPN server associated with the VSP control infrastructure may not communicate with the given host device. Consequently, the VSP control infrastructure may be unable to provide the VPN services to the one or more user devices communicating the superfluous data requests and/or other user devices from among the multiple user devices communicating legitimate data requests. In this case, business interests of the VPN service provider may be adversely affected. Further, the one or more user devices and/or the other user devices may inefficiently expend user device resources (e.g., processing resources, memory resources, power consumption resources, battery life, or the like) to prepare and transmit the superfluous data requests and the VSP control infrastructure may inefficiently expend VPN resources (computational resources, network bandwidth, management resources, processing resources, memory resources, or the like) to connect with the given host device in an attempt to fulfill the superfluous data requests and/or the legitimate data requests received from the multiple user devices.

Additionally, because the VSP control infrastructure may fail to provide the VPN services to the multiple user devices via the VPN server, the multiple user devices may disconnect the established VPN connections and re-establish new VPN connections with a new VPN server. Such disconnecting of the established VPN connections and establishing of the new VPN connections may inefficiently consume user device resources (e.g., processing resources, memory resources, power consumption resources, battery life, or the like) and VPN resources (computational resources, network bandwidth, management resources, processing resources, memory resources, or the like) that can otherwise be utilized to perform more suitable tasks associated with the VPN.

Various aspects of systems and techniques discussed in the present disclosure enable adjusting data communication in a VPN environment. In some aspects, a VSP control infrastructure may provide VPN services to user devices. For instance, the VSP control infrastructure may configure associated VPN servers to establish respective VPN connections with the user devices and to provide the VPN services. Providing the VPN services may include configuring the VPN servers to communicate (e.g., transmitting and/or receiving) VPN data with host devices on the open Internet. In an example, the VPN servers may be configured to receive data requests from the user devices for data of interest from the host devices and/or to obtain and provide the data of interest from the host devices. In some aspects, the VSP control infrastructure may configure the VPN servers to determine aggregate amounts of VPN data communicated with a given host device (e.g., communicated VPN data), and to report the aggregate amounts of communicated VPN data to the VSP control infrastructure. The VSP control infrastructure may determine, during a reference period, a statistic (e.g., an average threshold level) associated with an amount of VPN data communicated by the VPN servers with the given host device. Further, during an operation period, the VSP control infrastructure may determine a statistic (e.g., an observed average) associated with an aggregate amount of VPN data communicated by the VPN servers with the given host device. The VSP control infrastructure may compare the observed average with the average threshold level. When a result of comparing the observed average with the average threshold level indicates that one or more user devices, from the user devices, are affected with malware such that the one or more user devices transmit superfluous data requests via the VPN servers to the given host device, the VSP control infrastructure may selectively adjust (e.g., limit), in real time, the amount of VPN data communicated by the VPN servers with the given host device. In this way, the VSP control infrastructure may mitigate risks associated with overloading the given host device. Further, the VSP control infrastructure may mitigate risks associated with the one or more user devices communicating superfluous data requests, with the VSP control infrastructure being blacklisted, and/or with the user devices having to disconnect and re-establish VPN connections. As a result, the VSP control infrastructure may enable conservation and efficient utilization of user device resources (e.g., processing resources, memory resources, power consumption resources, battery life, or the like) and resources associated with the VPN (computational resources, network bandwidth, management resources, processing resources, memory resources, or the like) for more suitable tasks associated with the VPN.

In some aspects, a processor (e.g., processing unit 110, processor 820, etc.) associated with a VSP control infrastructure may determine aggregate amounts of VPN data communicated by one or more VPN servers with a host device during sample durations of time within a reference period; determine difference amounts indicating differences in the aggregate amounts of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers with the host device during successive sample durations of time; determine average aggregate amounts of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers with the host device based at least in part on averaging the difference amounts; determine a largest average aggregate amount, from among the average aggregate amounts, as an average threshold level; and selectively adjust an amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers with the host device based at least in part on a result of comparing the average threshold level with an observed average aggregate amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers with the host device.

FIG. 2 is an illustration of an example flow 200 associated with adjusting data communication in a VPN environment, according to various aspects of the present disclosure. FIG. 2 shows a VSP control infrastructure 104 in communication with multiple VPN servers 116. In some aspects, the VSP control infrastructure 104 and the multiple VPN servers 116 may communicate over a network (e.g., network 114). In some aspects, the VSP control infrastructure 104 may configure the multiple VPN servers 116 to provide VPN services to user devices 102. As discussed with respect to FIG. 1 , the VSP control infrastructure 104 may authenticate the user devices 102 and may enable the user devices 102 to establish respective VPN connections with the multiple VPN servers 116.

As discussed with respect to FIG. 2 , the VSP control infrastructure 104 may configure one or more VPN servers 116, from among the multiple VPN servers 116, to enable the VSP control infrastructure 104 to adjust data communication in the VPN environment.

A VPN server 116 may assign respective exit internet protocol (IP) addresses to user devices 102 having established VPN connections with the VPN server 116. In an example, for a first user device 102, the VPN server 116 may assign a first exit IP address, for a second user device 102, the VPN server 116 may assign a second exit IP address, and so on. In some aspects, the VPN server 116 may select exit IP addresses randomly from a list of exit IP addresses available to the VPN server 116 or may select exit IP addresses sequentially from the list of exit IP addresses available to the VPN server 116. Based at least in part on assigning the respective exit IP addresses to the user devices 102, the VPN server 116 may store a correlation between the user devices 102 with the respective exit IP addresses in a connection tracking table. In some aspects, there can be different mereological configurations of exit IPs addresses and sets (pools) of exit IP addresses that are available to the VPN server 116.

In some aspects, according to the configuration by the VSP control infrastructure 104, and as shown by reference numeral 210, the VPN server 116 may periodically transmit VPN data information to the VSP control infrastructure 104. The VPN data information may include respective cumulative amounts of VPN data communicated by the VPN server 116 with respective host devices. In an example, the VPN data information may include a first cumulative amount of VPN data communicated by the VPN server 116 with a first host device, a second cumulative amount of VPN data communicated by the VPN server 116 with a second host device, and so on. In some aspects, the communicated VPN data may include data associated with communication of (i) data requests received from user devices 102 for requesting data of interest from a given host device and/or (ii) the data of interest retrieved by the VPN server 116 from the given host device and routed to the one or more user devices 102. To determine the respective cumulative amounts of VPN data communicated by the VPN server 116 with the respective host devices, the VPN server 116 may measure and accumulate (e.g., total) amounts of VPN data communicated via the respectively assigned exit IP addresses with the respective host devices. In a similar and/or analogous manner, other of the one or more VPN servers 116 may be configured to transmit respective VPN data information to the VSP control infrastructure 104.

As shown by reference numeral 220, based at least in part on receiving the VPN data information from the one or more VPN servers 116, the VSP control infrastructure 104 may determine an average threshold level associated with an amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers 116 with a given (e.g., particular) host device. The VSP control infrastructure 104 may determine the average threshold level for communicated VPN data during a reference period (e.g., reference hour, reference day, reference week, reference month, etc.). The reference period may be associated with a period of time when the user devices 102, having established VPN connections with the one or more VPN servers 116, may be known to operate normally and/or when none of the multiple user devices 102 may be affected by malware. In this way, the user devices 102 may transmit legitimate data requests (as opposed to superfluous data requests) during the reference period.

To determine the average threshold level, the VSP control infrastructure 104 may determine windows of time (e.g., 10 seconds, 30 seconds, 60 seconds, 90 seconds, etc.) in the reference period. In some aspects, one or more windows of time (e.g., intervals of time) may at least partially overlap with each other. For a window of time, the VSP control infrastructure 104 may determine aggregate amounts of communicated VPN data in association with samples, such that a sample indicates a total amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers 116 with the given host device during a sample duration of time. In an example, a first aggregate amount of communicated VPN data may indicate a total amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers 116 with the given host device during a first sample duration of time, a second aggregate amount of communicated VPN data may indicate a total amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers 116 with the given host device during a second sample duration of time, a third aggregate amount of communicated VPN data may indicate a total amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers 116 with the given host device during a third sample duration of time, and so on.

The VSP control infrastructure 104 may periodically determine, for the given host device, the aggregate amount of VPN data based at least in part on totaling the cumulative amounts of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers 116, as indicated in the VPN data information received periodically from the one or more VPN servers 116.

Further, the VPN server may determine respective average amounts of aggregate data communicated with the given host device for the windows of time (e.g., Window 1, Window 2, Window 3, Window 4, and so on) included in the reference period. As seen in example 300 of FIG. 3 , a window of time may have a time interval of, for example, 30 seconds and the one or more windows of time may at least partially overlap with each other. In example 300, Window 1 may have a time interval from 0 to 30 seconds, Window 2 may have a time interval from 3 to 33 seconds, Window 3 may have a time interval from 6 to 36 seconds, Window 4 may have a time interval from 9 to 39 seconds, and so on.

For a window of time, the VSP control infrastructure 104 may determine samples (e.g., S1, S2, S3, ..., S13), a sample indicating an aggregate amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers 116 with the given host device during a sample duration of time (e.g., 3 seconds) associated with each sample. For instance, sample S1 may indicate the aggregate amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers 116 with the given host device during a first sample duration from 0 seconds to 3 seconds, sample S2 may indicate the aggregate amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers 116 with the given host device during a second sample duration from 3 seconds to 6 seconds, sample S3 may indicate the aggregate amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers 116 with the given host device during a third sample duration from 6 seconds to 9 seconds, ..., sample S13 indicate the aggregate amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers 116 with the given host device during a thirteenth sample duration from 36 seconds to 39 seconds, and so on.

Based at least in part on determining the samples, the VSP control infrastructure 104 may determine, for a window of time, an average aggregate amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers 116 with the given host device (e.g., communicated VPN data). In an example, for Window 1, the VSP control infrastructure 104 may determine difference amounts indicating differences in the aggregate amounts of communicated VPN data with respect to successive samples. For instance, for Window 1, the VPN server may determine difference amounts D1, D2, ...., D9. In this case, the first difference amount D1 may indicate a first difference (e.g., S2 - S1) in the aggregate amount of communicated VPN data between the first sample duration (e.g., 0 seconds to 3 seconds) and the second sample duration (e.g., 3 seconds to 6 seconds); the second difference amount D2 may indicate a second difference (e.g., S3 - S2) in the aggregate amount of communicated VPN data between the second sample duration (e.g., 3 seconds to 6 seconds) and the third sample duration (e.g., 6 seconds to 9 seconds); ...; and the ninth difference amount D9 may indicate a ninth difference (e.g., S10 - S9) in the aggregate amount of communicated VPN data between the ninth sample duration (e.g., 24 seconds to 27 seconds) and the tenth sample duration (e.g., 27 seconds to 30 seconds).

Based at least in part on determining the difference amounts (e.g., D1, D2, ...., D9), the VSP control infrastructure 104 may determine a first average aggregate amount (AV1) of communicated VPN data associated with (e.g., during) Window 1 based at least in part on averaging the difference amounts (e.g., D1, D2, ...., D9). In this case, the first average aggregate amount (AV1) may be calculated as ((D1 + D2 +.... + D9)/9). In a similar and/or analogous manner, the VSP control infrastructure 104 may determine a second average aggregate amount (AV2) of communicated VPN data associated with Window 2 based at least in part on averaging the difference amounts (e.g., D2, D3, ...., D10). In this case, the second average aggregate amount (AV2) may be calculated as ((D2 + D3 +.... + D1)/9). In a similar and/or analogous manner, the VSP control infrastructure 104 may determine a third average aggregate amount (AV3) of communicated VPN data associated with Window 3 based at least in part on averaging the difference amounts (e.g., D3, D4, ...., D11). In this case, the third average aggregate amount (AV3) may be calculated as ((D3 + D4 +.... + D11)/9). In a similar and/or analogous manner, the VSP control infrastructure 104 may determine a fourth average aggregate amount (AV4) of communicated VPN data associated with Window 4 based at least in part on averaging the difference amounts (e.g., D4, D5, ...., D12). In this case, the fourth average aggregate amount (AV4) may be calculated as ((D4 + D5 +.... + D12)/9), and so on.

Based at least in part on determining the average aggregate amounts (e.g., AV1, AV2, AV3, AV4, and so on) associated with windows of time in the reference period, the VSP control infrastructure 104 may determine the average threshold level associated with the reference period. In an example, the VSP control infrastructure 104 may compare the determined average aggregate amounts to determine the largest average aggregate amount. Further, the VSP control infrastructure 104 may determine the largest average aggregate amount to be the average threshold level.

In some aspects, the VSP control infrastructure 104 may determine the average threshold level periodically. For instance, the VSP control infrastructure 104 may periodically receive the VPN data information from the one or more VPN servers 116, and may repeat performance of the above processes to determine the average threshold level during another reference period.

As shown by reference numeral 230, the VSP control infrastructure 104 may compare an observed aggregate amount of communicated VPN data with the average threshold level (e.g., block 220). For instance, at an end of the reference period, the VSP control infrastructure 104 may commence providing the VPN services via the one or more VPN servers 116 to the user devices 102 during an operation period. In some aspects, during the operation period, one or more user devices 102 may get affected with malware and may transmit superfluous data requests.

During the operation period, the VSP control infrastructure 104 may determine observed aggregate amounts of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers 116 with the given host device. In some aspects, the VSP control infrastructure 104 may determine the observed aggregate amounts in a similar and/or analogous manner as determining the aggregate amounts discussed above (e.g., block 220).

In an example, the VSP control infrastructure 104 may determine the observed aggregate amounts for windows of time (e.g., 10 seconds, 30 seconds, 60 seconds, 90 seconds, etc.) in the operation period. In some aspects, similar to the reference period, one or more windows of time may at least partially overlap with each other in the operation period. For a window of time, the VSP control infrastructure 104 may determine observed aggregate amounts of communicated VPN data in association with samples, such that a sample indicates a total amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers 116 with the given host during a sample duration of time. In an example, a first observed aggregate amount of communicated VPN data may indicate an observed total amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers 116 with the given host device during a first sample duration of time, a second observed aggregate amount of communicated VPN data may indicate an observed total amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers 116 with the given host device during a second sample duration of time, a third observed aggregate amount of communicated VPN data may indicate an observed total amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers 116 with the given host device during a third sample duration of time, and so on.

The VSP control infrastructure 104 may periodically determine, for the given host device, the observed aggregate amount of VPN data based at least in part on totaling the cumulative amounts of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers 116, as indicated in the VPN data information received periodically from the one or more VPN servers 116.

For instance, similar to example 300 of FIG. 3 , the VPN server may determine respective observed average amounts of aggregate data communicated with the given host device for the windows of time (e.g., Window 1, Window 2, Window 3, Window 4, and so on) included in the operation period. A window of time may have a time interval of, for example, 30 seconds and the one or more windows of time may at least partially overlap with each other. Similar to example 300, Window 1 may have a time interval from 0 to 30 seconds, Window 2 may have a time interval from 3 to 33 seconds, Window 3 have a time interval from 6 to 36 seconds, Window 4 may have a time interval from 9 to 39 seconds, and so on.

For a window of time, the VSP control infrastructure 104 may determine samples (e.g., S1, S2, S3, ..., S13), a sample indicating an observed aggregate amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers 116 with the given host device during a sample duration of time (e.g., 3 seconds) associated with the sample. For instance, sample S1 may indicate an observed aggregate amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers 116 with the host device during a first sample duration from 0 seconds to 3 seconds, sample S2 may indicate an observed aggregate amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers 116 with the given host device during a second sample duration from 3 seconds to 6 seconds, sample S3 may indicate an observed aggregate amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers 116 with the given host device during a third sample duration from 6 seconds to 9 seconds, ..., sample S13 indicate an observed aggregate amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers 116 with the given host device during a thirteenth sample duration from 36 seconds to 39 seconds, and so on.

Based at least in part on determining the samples, the VSP control infrastructure 104 may determine, for a window, an observed average aggregate amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers 116 with the given host device (e.g., communicated VPN data). In an example, for Window 1, the VSP control infrastructure 104 may determine observed difference amounts indicating differences in the observed aggregate amounts of communicated VPN data with respect to successive samples. For instance, for Window 1, the VPN server may determine observed difference amounts OD1, OD2, ...., OD9. In this case, the first observed difference amount OD1 may indicate a first difference (e.g., S2 - S1) in the observed aggregate amount of communicated VPN data between the first sample duration (e.g., 0 seconds to 3 seconds) and the second sample duration (e.g., 3 seconds to 6 seconds); the second observed difference amount OD2 may indicate a second difference (e.g., S3 - S2) in the observed aggregate amount of communicated VPN data between the second sample duration (e.g., 3 second to 6 seconds) and the third sample duration (e.g., 6 seconds to 9 seconds); ...; and the ninth observed difference amount OD9 may indicate a ninth difference (e.g., S10 - S9) in the observed aggregate amount of communicated VPN data between the ninth sample duration (e.g., 24 seconds to 27 seconds) and the tenth sample duration (e.g., 27 seconds to 30 seconds).

Based at least in part on determining the observed difference amounts (e.g., OD1, OD2, ...., OD9), the VSP control infrastructure 104 may determine a first observed average aggregate amount (OAV1) of communicated VPN data associated with Window 1 based at least in part on averaging the observed difference amounts (e.g., OD1, OD2, ...., OD9). In this case, the first observed average aggregate amount (OAV1) may be calculated as ((OD1 + OD2 +.... + OD9)/9). In a similar and/or analogous manner, the VSP control infrastructure 104 may determine a second observed average aggregate amount (OAV2) of communicated VPN data associated with Window 2 based at least in part on averaging the observed difference amounts (e.g., OD2, OD3, ...., OD10). In this case, the second observed average aggregate amount (OAV2) may be calculated as ((OD2 + OD3 +.... + OD10)/9). In a similar and/or analogous manner, the VSP control infrastructure 104 may determine a third average aggregate amount (OAV3) of communicated VPN data associated with Window 3 based at least in part on averaging the observed difference amounts (e.g., OD3, OD4, ...., OD11). In this case, the third observed average aggregate amount (OAV3) may be calculated as ((OD3 + OD4 +.... + OD11)/9). In a similar and/or analogous manner, the VSP control infrastructure 104 may determine a fourth observed average aggregate amount (OAV4) of communicated VPN data associated with Window 4 based at least in part on averaging the observed difference amounts (e.g., OD4, OD5, ...., OD12). In this case, the fourth observed average aggregate amount (OAV4) may be calculated as ((OD4 + OD5 +.... + OD13)/9), and so on.

Based at least in part on determining the first observed aggregate amount (OAV1) of communicated VPN data, as shown by reference numeral 230, the VSP control infrastructure 104 may compare the first observed aggregate amount (OAV1) with the average threshold level (e.g., block 220). When the VSP control infrastructure 104 determines that the first observed aggregate amount (OAV1) satisfies the average threshold level (e.g., the first observed aggregate amount (OAV1) is equal to or greater than the average threshold level), the VSP control infrastructure 104 may determine that one or more user devices 102 (from among the multiple user devices 102) may be affected by malware and/or may be transmitting superfluous data requests to request data of interest from the given host device. In this case, as shown by reference numeral 240, the VSP control infrastructure 104 may selectively adjust, in real time, an amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers 116 with the given host device. In an example, the VSP control infrastructure 104 may decrease (e.g., reduce below the average threshold level) the amount of communicated VPN data. In another example, the VSP control infrastructure 104 may curtail the amount of communicated VPN data (e.g., reduce to lower than a predetermined amount level). In yet another example, the VSP control infrastructure 104 may suspend communication of data by the one or more VPN servers 116 with the given host device. In yet another example, the VSP control infrastructure 104 may temporarily or permanently suspend communication by all VPN servers 116 with the given host device.

Alternatively, when the VSP control infrastructure 104 determines that the first observed aggregate amount (OAV1) fails to satisfy the average threshold level (e.g., first observed aggregate amount (OAV1) is less than the average threshold level), the VSP control infrastructure 104 may select to continue communication of the VPN data by the one or more VPN servers 116 with the given host device.

In this case, the VSP control infrastructure 104 may compare the second observed aggregate amount (OAV2) of communicated VPN data with the average threshold level. When the VSP control infrastructure 104 determines that second observed aggregate amount (OAV2) satisfies the average threshold level (e.g., second observed aggregate amount (OAV2) is equal to or greater than the average threshold level), the VSP control infrastructure 104 may determine that one or more user devices 102 may be affected with malware and/or transmitting superfluous data requests to request data of interest from the given host device. In this case, the VSP control infrastructure 104 may select to adjust an amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers 116 with the given host device. In an example, the VSP control infrastructure 104 may decrease (e.g., reduce below the average threshold level) the amount of communicated VPN data. In another example, the VSP control infrastructure 104 may curtail the amount of communicated VPN data (e.g., reduce to lower than a predetermined amount level). In yet another example, the VSP control infrastructure 104 may suspend communication of data by the one or more VPN servers 116 with the given host device. In yet another example, the VSP control infrastructure 104 may temporarily or permanently suspend communication by all VPN servers 116 with the given host device.

Alternatively, when the VSP control infrastructure 104 determines that the second observed aggregate amount (OAV2) fails to satisfy the average threshold level (e.g., second observed aggregate amount (OAV2) is less than the average threshold level), the VSP control infrastructure 104 may select to continue communication of the VPN data by the one or more VPN servers 116 with the given host device. Further, the VSP control infrastructure 104 may compare the third observed change in the aggregate amount of communicated VPN data with the average threshold level, and so on.

In this way, by adjusting the amount of communicated VPN data, the VSP control infrastructure may mitigate risks associated with overloading the given host device through communication of a threshold amount of aggregate data by one or more VPN servers. Further, the VSP control infrastructure may mitigate risks associated with the one or more user devices communicating superfluous data requests, with the VSP control infrastructure being blacklisted, and/or with the user devices having to disconnect and re-establish VPN connections. As a result, the VSP control infrastructure may enable conservation and efficient utilization of user device resources (e.g., processing resources, memory resources, power consumption resources, battery life, or the like) and resources associated with the VPN (computational resources, network bandwidth, management resources, processing resources, memory resources, or the like) for more suitable tasks associated with the VPN.

As indicated above, FIGS. 2 and 3 are provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to FIGS. 2 and 3 .

FIG. 4 is an illustration of an example process 400 associated with adjusting data communication in a VPN environment, according to various aspects of the present disclosure. In some aspects, the process 400 may be performed by a processor/controller (e.g., processing unit 110, processor 820) associated with a VSP control infrastructure (e.g., VSP control infrastructure 104). As shown by reference numeral 410, process 400 includes determining, by an infrastructure device associated with a virtual private network (VPN), aggregate amounts of VPN data communicated by one or more VPN servers with a host device during sample durations of time within a reference period. For instance, the VSP control infrastructure may determine aggregate amounts of VPN data communicated by one or more VPN servers with a host device during sample durations of time within a reference period, as discussed elsewhere herein.

As shown by reference numeral 420, process 400 includes determining, by the infrastructure device, difference amounts indicating differences in the aggregate amounts of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers with the host device during successive sample durations of time. For instance, the VSP control infrastructure may utilize the associated processor/controller to determine difference amounts indicating differences in the aggregate amounts of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers with the host device during successive sample durations of time, as discussed elsewhere herein.

As shown by reference numeral 430, process 400 includes determining, by the infrastructure device, average aggregate amounts of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers with the host device based at least in part on averaging the difference amounts. For instance, the VSP control infrastructure may utilize the associated processor/controller to determine average aggregate amounts of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers with the host device based at least in part on averaging the difference amounts, as discussed elsewhere herein.

As shown by reference numeral 440, process 400 includes determining, by the infrastructure device, a largest average aggregate amount, from among the average aggregate amounts, as an average threshold level. For instance, the VSP control infrastructure may utilize the associated processor/controller to determine a largest average aggregate amount, from among the average aggregate amounts, as an average threshold level, as discussed elsewhere herein.

As shown by reference numeral 450, process 400 includes selectively adjusting, by the infrastructure device, an amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers with the host device based at least in part on a result of comparing the average threshold level with an observed average aggregate amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers with the host device. For instance, the VSP control infrastructure may utilize the associated processor/controller to selectively adjust an amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers with the host device based at least in part on a result of comparing the average threshold level with an observed average aggregate amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers with the host device, as discussed elsewhere herein.

Process 400 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and/or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

In a first aspect, in process 400, determining the aggregate amounts of VPN data includes aggregating amounts of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers with the host device.

In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, in process 400, the aggregate amounts of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers with the host device during the sample durations of time indicate a total amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers with the host device during the sample durations of time.

In a third aspect, alone or in combination with the first through second aspects, in process 400, determining the largest average aggregate amount as the average threshold level includes periodically determining the largest average aggregate amount as the average threshold level.

In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with the first through third aspects, in process 400, selectively adjusting the amount of VPN data communicated with the host device includes suspending communication of VPN data by the one or more VPN servers with the host device.

In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with the first through fourth aspects, in process 400, selectively adjusting the amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers with the host device includes selectively adjusting the amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers in real time.

In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with the first through fifth aspects, in process 400, the VPN data includes data of interest requested by the one or more user devices and retrieved from the host device by the one or more VPN servers.

Although FIG. 4 shows example blocks of the process, in some aspects, the process may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in FIG. 4 . Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of the process may be performed in parallel.

As indicated above, FIG. 4 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to FIG. 4 .

FIG. 5 is an illustration of an example process 500 associated with adjusting data communication in a VPN environment, according to various aspects of the present disclosure. In some aspects, the process 500 may be performed by a processor/controller (e.g., processing unit 110, processor 820) associated with a VPN server (e.g., VPN server 116). As shown by reference numeral 510, process 500 includes determining, by an infrastructure device associated with a virtual private network (VPN), an average threshold level associated with an aggregate amount of VPN data communicated by one or more VPN servers with a host device during a reference period. For instance, the VSP control infrastructure may determine, by an infrastructure device associated with a virtual private network (VPN), an average threshold level associated with an aggregate amount of VPN data communicated by one or more VPN servers with a host device during a reference period, as discussed elsewhere herein.

As shown by reference numeral 520, process 500 includes determining, by the infrastructure device, an observed average aggregate amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers with the host device during an operation period. For instance, the VSP control infrastructure may utilize the associated processor/controller to determine an observed average aggregate amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers with the host device during an operation period, as discussed elsewhere herein.

As shown by reference numeral 530, process 500 includes comparing, by the infrastructure device, the observed average aggregate amount with the average threshold level. For instance, the VSP control infrastructure may utilize the associated processor/controller to compare the observed average aggregate amount with the average threshold level, as discussed elsewhere herein.

As shown by reference numeral 540, process 500 includes selectively adjusting, by the infrastructure device, an amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers with the host device during the operation period based at least in part on a result of comparing the observed average aggregate amount with the average threshold level. For instance, the VSP control infrastructure may utilize the associated processor/controller to selectively adjust an amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers with the host device during the operation period based at least in part on a result of comparing the observed average aggregate amount with the average threshold level, as discussed elsewhere herein.

Process 500 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and/or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

In a first aspect, in process 500, determining the average threshold level includes determining aggregate amounts of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers with the host device during sample durations in the reference period.

In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, in process 500, determining the average threshold level includes determining difference amounts indicating differences in aggregate amounts of VPN data communicated with the host device during successive sample durations within a window of time.

In a third aspect, alone or in combination with the first through second aspects, in process 500, determining the average threshold level includes determining average aggregate amounts of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers with the host device, the average aggregate amounts of VPN data being determined based at least in part on averaging difference amounts indicating differences in aggregate amounts of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers with the host device.

In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with the first through third aspects, in process 500, determining the average threshold level includes comparing average aggregate amounts of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers with the host device during respective windows of time within the reference period, and determining a largest average aggregate amount, from among the average aggregate amounts, as the average threshold level.

In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with the first through fourth aspects, in process 500, selectively adjusting the amount of VPN data includes reducing the amount of VPN data communicated by the one or more VPN servers with the host device when the result indicates that the observed change satisfies the average threshold level.

In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with the first through fifth aspects, in process 500, selectively adjusting the amount of VPN data includes suspending communication by the one or more VPN servers with the host device when the result indicates that the observed change satisfies the average threshold level.

Although FIG. 5 shows example blocks of the process, in some aspects, the process may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in FIG. 5 . Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of the process may be performed in parallel.

As indicated above, FIG. 5 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to FIG. 5 .

FIG. 6 is an illustration of an example process 600 associated with adjusting data communication in a VPN, according to various aspects of the present disclosure. In some aspects, the process 600 may be performed by a processor/controller (e.g., processor 820) associated with a VPN server (e.g., VPN server 116). As shown by reference numeral 610, process 600 includes determining, by a virtual private network (VPN) server providing VPN services to one or more user devices, an aggregate amount of VPN data communicated by the VPN server with a host device. For instance, the VPN server may determine, while providing VPN services to multiple user devices, an aggregate amount of VPN data communicated by the VPN server with a host device, as discussed elsewhere herein.

As shown by reference numeral 620, process 600 includes transmitting, by the VPN server to an infrastructure device, VPN data information indicating the aggregate amount of VPN data communicated by the VPN server with the host device. For instance, the VPN server may utilize the associated processor/controller to transmit, to an infrastructure device, VPN data information indicating the aggregate amount of VPN data communicated by the VPN server with the host device, as discussed elsewhere herein.

Process 600 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and/or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

In a first aspect, in process 600, transmitting the VPN data information includes transmitting the VPN data information periodically.

In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, in process 600, transmitting the VPN data information includes periodically transmitting the VPN data information during a reference period.

In a third aspect, alone or in combination with the first through second aspects, in process 600, transmitting the VPN data information includes periodically transmitting the VPN data information during an operation period.

In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with the first through third aspects, in process 600, determining the aggregate amount of VPN data includes totaling amounts of VPN data communicated by the VPN server with respect to the one or more users.

In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with the first through fourth aspects, in process 600, the VPN data includes data of interest requested by the one or more user devices and retrieved by the VPN server from the host device.

In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with the first through fifth aspects, process 600 may include assigning, by the VPN server, respective exit internet protocol (IP) addresses to the one or more user devices.

Although FIG. 6 shows example blocks of the process, in some aspects, the process may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in FIG. 6 . Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of the process may be performed in parallel.

As indicated above, FIG. 6 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to FIG. 6 .

FIG. 7 is an illustration of an example process 700 associated with adjusting data communication in a VPN environment, according to various aspects of the present disclosure. In some aspects, the process 700 may be performed by a processor/controller (e.g., processing unit 110 and/or processor 820) associated with a VSP control infrastructure (e.g., VSP control infrastructure 104). As shown by reference numeral 710, process 700 includes configuring a virtual private network (VPN) server to determine, while providing VPN services to one or more user devices, an aggregate amount of VPN data communicated by the VPN server with a host device. For instance, the VSP control infrastructure may utilize the associated processor to configure a virtual private network (VPN) server to determine, while providing VPN services to one or more user devices, an aggregate amount of VPN data communicated by the VPN server with a host device, as discussed elsewhere herein.

As shown by reference numeral 820, process 700 includes configuring the VPN server to transmit VPN data information indicating the aggregate amount of VPN data communicated by the VPN server with the host device. For instance, the VSP control infrastructure may utilize the associated processor to configure the VPN server to transmit VPN data information indicating the aggregate amount of VPN data communicated by the VPN server with the host device, as discussed elsewhere herein.

Process 700 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and/or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

In a first aspect, in process 700, configuring the VPN server to transmit the VPN data information includes configuring the VPN server to transmit the VPN data information periodically.

In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, in process 700, configuring the VPN server to transmit the VPN data information includes configuring the VPN server to periodically transmit the VPN data information during a reference period.

In a third aspect, alone or in combination with the first through second aspects, configuring the VPN server to transmit the VPN data information includes configuring the VPN server to periodically transmit the VPN data information during an operation period.

In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with the first through third aspects, in process 700, configuring the VPN server to determine the aggregate amount of VPN data includes configuring the VPN server to total amounts of VPN data communicated by the VPN server with respect to the one or more users.

In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with the first through fourth aspects, in process 700, the VPN data includes data of interest requested by the one or more user devices and retrieved by the VPN server from the host device.

In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with the first through fifth aspects, process 700 may include configuring the VPN server to assign respective exit internet protocol (IP) addresses to the one or more user devices.

Although FIG. 7 shows example blocks of the process, in some aspects, the process may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in FIG. 7 . Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of the process may be performed in parallel.

As indicated above, FIG. 7 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to FIG. 7 .

FIG. 8 is an illustration of example devices 800, according to various aspects of the present disclosure. In some aspects, the example devices 800 may form part of or implement the systems, environments, infrastructures, components, or the like described elsewhere herein (e.g., FIG. 1 and/or FIG. 2 ) and may be used to perform the processes described herein. The example devices 800 may include a universal bus 810 communicatively coupling a processor 820, a memory 830, a storage component 840, an input component 850, an output component 860, and a communication interface 870.

Bus 810 may include a component that permits communication among multiple components of a device 800. Processor 820 may be implemented in hardware, firmware, and/or a combination of hardware and software. Processor 820 may take the form of a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), an accelerated processing unit (APU), a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a digital signal processor (DSP), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or another type of processing component. In some aspects, processor 820 may include one or more processors capable of being programmed to perform a function. Memory 830 may include a random access memory (RAM), a read only memory (ROM), and/or another type of dynamic or static storage device (e.g., a flash memory, a magnetic memory, and/or an optical memory) that stores information and/or instructions for use by processor 820.

Storage component 840 may store information and/or software related to the operation and use of a device 800. For example, storage component 840 may include a hard disk (e.g., a magnetic disk, an optical disk, and/or a magneto-optic disk), a solid state drive (SSD), a compact disc (CD), a digital versatile disc (DVD), a floppy disk, a cartridge, a magnetic tape, and/or another type of non-transitory computer-readable medium, along with a corresponding drive.

Input component 850 may include a component that permits a device 800 to receive information, such as via user input (e.g., a touch screen display, a keyboard, a keypad, a mouse, a button, a switch, and/or a microphone). Additionally, or alternatively, input component 850 may include a component for determining location (e.g., a global positioning system (GPS) component) and/or a sensor (e.g., an accelerometer, a gyroscope, an actuator, another type of positional or environmental sensor, and/or the like). Output component 860 may include a component that provides output information from device 800 (via, for example, a display, a speaker, a haptic feedback component, an audio or visual indicator, and/or the like).

Communication interface 870 may include a transceiver-like component (e.g., a transceiver, a separate receiver, a separate transmitter, and/or the like) that enables a device 800 to communicate with other devices, such as via a wired connection, a wireless connection, or a combination of wired and wireless connections. Communication interface 870 may permit device 800 to receive information from another device and/or provide information to another device. For example, communication interface 870 may include an Ethernet interface, an optical interface, a coaxial interface, an infrared interface, a radio frequency (RF) interface, a universal serial bus (USB) interface, a Wi-Fi interface, a cellular network interface, and/or the like.

A device 800 may perform one or more processes described elsewhere herein. A device 800 may perform these processes based on processor 820 executing software instructions stored by a non-transitory computer-readable medium, such as memory 830 and/or storage component 840. As used herein, the term “computer-readable medium” may refer to a non-transitory memory device. A memory device may include memory space within a single physical storage device or memory space spread across multiple physical storage devices.

Software instructions may be read into memory 830 and/or storage component 840 from another computer-readable medium or from another device via communication interface 870. When executed, software instructions stored in memory 830 and/or storage component 840 may cause processor 820 to perform one or more processes described elsewhere herein. Additionally, or alternatively, hardware circuitry may be used in place of or in combination with software instructions to perform one or more processes described elsewhere herein. Thus, implementations described herein are not limited to any specific combination of hardware circuitry and software.

The quantity and arrangement of components shown in FIG. 8 are provided as an example. In practice, a devices 800 may include additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in FIG. 8 . Additionally, or alternatively, a set of components (e.g., one or more components) of a device 800 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components of a device 800.

As indicated above, FIG. 8 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to FIG. 8 .

Persons of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the aspects encompassed by the present disclosure are not limited to the particular exemplary aspects described herein. In that regard, although illustrative aspects have been shown and described, a wide range of modification, change, and substitution is contemplated in the foregoing disclosure. It is understood that such variations may be made to the aspects without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Accordingly, it is appropriate that the appended claims be construed broadly and in a manner consistent with the present disclosure.

The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects.

As used herein, the term “component” is intended to be broadly construed as hardware, firmware, or a combination of hardware and software. As used herein, a processor is implemented in hardware, firmware, or a combination of hardware and software.

As used herein, satisfying a threshold may, depending on the context, refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, or not equal to the threshold, among other examples, or combinations thereof.

It will be apparent that systems or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms of hardware, firmware, or a combination of hardware and software. The actual specialized control hardware or software code used to implement these systems or methods is not limiting of the aspects. Thus, the operation and behavior of the systems or methods were described herein without reference to specific software code—it being understood that software and hardware can be designed to implement the systems or methods based, at least in part, on the description herein.

Even though particular combinations of features are recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. In fact, many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification. Although each dependent claim listed below may directly depend on only one claim, the disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set. A phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (for example, a-a, a-a-a, a-a-b, a-a-c, a-b-b, a-c-c, b-b, b-b-b, b-b-c, c-c, and c-c-c or any other ordering of a, b, and c).

No element, act, or instruction used herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Also, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items, and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Further, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items referenced in connection with the article “the” and may be used interchangeably with “the one or more.” Furthermore, as used herein, the term “set” is intended to include one or more items (e.g., related items, unrelated items, a combination of related and unrelated items, etc.), and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has,” “have,” “having,” or the like are intended to be open-ended terms. Further, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based, at least in part, on” unless explicitly stated otherwise. Also, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and/or,” unless explicitly stated otherwise (e.g., if used in combination with “either” or “only one of”). 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method, comprising: determining, by a virtual private network (VPN) server providing VPN services to one or more user devices, an aggregate amount of VPN data communicated by the VPN server with a host device; and transmitting, by the VPN server to an infrastructure device, VPN data information indicating the aggregate amount of VPN data communicated by the VPN server with the host device.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the VPN data information includes transmitting the VPN data information periodically.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the VPN data information includes periodically transmitting the VPN data information during a reference period.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the VPN data information includes periodically transmitting the VPN data information during an operation period.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the aggregate amount of VPN data includes totaling amounts of VPN data communicated by the VPN server with respect to the one or more users.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the VPN data includes data of interest requested by the one or more user devices and retrieved by the VPN server from the host device.
 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising: assigning, by the VPN server, respective exit internet protocol (IP) addresses to the one or more user devices.
 8. A device associated with a virtual private network (VPN) server, the device comprising: a memory; and a processor communicatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the processor being configured to: determine, while providing VPN services to one or more user devices, an aggregate amount of VPN data communicated by the VPN server with a host device; and transmit, to an infrastructure device, VPN data information indicating the aggregate amount of VPN data communicated by the VPN server with the host device.
 9. The device of claim 8, wherein, to transmit the VPN data, the memory and the processor are configured to transmit the VPN data information periodically.
 10. The device of claim 8, wherein, to transmit the VPN data, the memory and the processor are configured to transmit the VPN data information during a reference period.
 11. The device of claim 8, wherein, to transmit the VPN data, the memory and the processor are configured to transmit the VPN data information during an operation period.
 12. The device of claim 8, wherein, to determine the aggregate amount of VPN data, the memory and the processor are configured to total amounts of VPN data communicated by the VPN server with respect to the one or more users.
 13. The device of claim 8, wherein the VPN data includes data of interest requested by the one or more user devices and retrieved by the VPN server from the host device.
 14. The device of claim 8, wherein the memory and the processor are configured to assign respective exit internet protocol (IP) addresses to the one or more user devices.
 15. A non-transitory computer-readable medium configured to store instructions, which when executed by a processor associated with a virtual private network (VPN) server, configure the processor to: determine, while providing VPN services to one or more user devices, an aggregate amount of VPN data communicated by the VPN server with a host device; and transmit, to an infrastructure device, VPN data information indicating the aggregate amount of VPN data communicated by the VPN server with the host device.
 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein, to transmit the VPN data, the processor is configured to transmit the VPN data information periodically.
 17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein, to transmit the VPN data, the processor is configured to transmit the VPN data information during a reference period.
 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein, to transmit the VPN data, the processor is configured to transmit the VPN data information during an operation period.
 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein, to determine the aggregate amount of VPN data, the processor is configured to total amounts of VPN data communicated by the VPN server with respect to the one or more users.
 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the VPN data includes data of interest requested by the one or more user devices and retrieved by the VPN server from the host device. 